MathIsimple
Lesson 3-3

Decimal Addition & Subtraction

Master adding and subtracting decimals with proper decimal point alignment. Learn decimal operations through shopping scenarios and real-world applications.

Learning Scenario: Shopping with Decimals

Scenario: You're shopping for school supplies! You want to buy a pencil for $0.85 and an eraser for $1.20. How much will you pay in total? Later, you have $5.00 and spend $2.75. How much change will you get back?

This is where decimal addition and subtraction skills come in handy! The key is to align the decimal points so that you're adding or subtracting the same place values.

Decimal Point Alignment

Always align decimal points vertically when adding or subtracting decimals. This ensures you're working with the same place values.

Example:

  0.85
+1.20
-----
 2.05

Adding Zeros for Alignment

When decimals have different numbers of decimal places, add zeros to make them the same length.

Example:

3.5 becomes 3.50
when adding to 2.75

Step-by-Step Learning
1

Align Decimal Points

Write the numbers vertically with decimal points directly under each other. Add zeros if needed to make all numbers have the same number of decimal places.

Example: 0.85 + 1.20 → Write 0.85 over 1.20 with decimal points aligned

2

Add or Subtract by Place Value

Work from right to left, adding or subtracting each place value. Carry over when adding, borrow when subtracting.

Example: 0.85 + 1.20 = 2.05 (5 hundredths + 0 hundredths = 5 hundredths)

3

Place Decimal Point in Answer

The decimal point in your answer should be directly below the decimal points in the numbers you're adding or subtracting.

Example: 5.00 - 2.75 = 2.25 (decimal point stays in the same column)

Interactive Activities

Activity 1: Shopping Calculations

Calculate shopping totals:

  • • Pencil: $0.85 + Eraser: $1.20 = ?
  • • Notebook: $2.50 + Pen: $1.75 = ?
  • • Ruler: $0.95 + Calculator: $8.99 = ?
  • • Total: $15.00 - Spent: $12.45 = Change?

Activity 2: Decimal Practice

Practice decimal operations:

  • • 3.5 + 2.75 = ?
  • • 7.8 - 4.25 = ?
  • • 12.6 + 3.45 = ?
  • • 9.2 - 1.85 = ?
Practice Problems

Problem Set 1: Addition

1. 2.5 + 1.3 = ?

2. 4.75 + 2.25 = ?

3. 6.8 + 3.45 = ?

4. 9.2 + 1.75 = ?

Problem Set 2: Subtraction

5. 5.7 - 2.3 = ?

6. 8.45 - 3.25 = ?

7. 12.6 - 4.8 = ?

8. 15.75 - 7.25 = ?

Problem Set 3: Mixed Operations

9. 3.5 + 2.75 - 1.25 = ?

10. 7.8 - 2.45 + 1.2 = ?

11. 12.5 - 4.75 + 2.25 = ?

12. 8.9 + 3.15 - 2.05 = ?

Common Mistakes to Avoid

❌ Not aligning decimal points

Wrong: 2.5 + 1.23 = 3.73 (misaligned)

Correct: 2.50 + 1.23 = 3.73 (aligned)

❌ Forgetting to borrow in subtraction

Wrong: 5.2 - 3.75 = 2.53 (can't subtract 5 from 2)

Correct: 5.20 - 3.75 = 1.45 (borrow from 5 to make 12)

Key Takeaways

Always align decimal points when adding or subtracting

Add zeros to make all numbers have the same number of decimal places

Work from right to left, carrying over when adding and borrowing when subtracting

The decimal point in your answer goes directly below the other decimal points