MathIsimple

Lesson 3-1: Variables & Expressions

Learn to use variables and write algebraic expressions using garden planning scenarios!

Learning Scenario: Garden Planning

Scenario: You're planning a vegetable garden. You want to plant tomatoes, carrots, and lettuce. Each tomato plant costs $3, each carrot seed packet costs $2, and each lettuce plant costs $1.50. How can we write an expression to find the total cost?

What We Need to Find:

  • • Total cost of garden plants
  • • Cost per tomato plant: $3
  • • Cost per carrot packet: $2
  • • Cost per lettuce plant: $1.50

Tools We'll Use:

  • • Variables to represent unknown quantities
  • • Algebraic expressions
  • • Real-world problem solving
  • • Cost calculations

Understanding Variables

What is a Variable?

A variable is a letter or symbol that represents an unknown number or quantity. Think of it as a "mystery number" that we need to find or work with.

Let t = number of tomato plants

Let c = number of carrot packets

Let l = number of lettuce plants

Common Variables

We often use letters like x, y, z, or letters that relate to the problem (like t for tomatoes)

Why Use Variables?

Variables help us write general rules that work for any number, not just specific examples

Writing Algebraic Expressions

Step 1: Identify the Costs

From our garden scenario, we know the costs:

Tomato plants: $3 each

Carrot packets: $2 each

Lettuce plants: $1.50 each

Step 2: Write the Expression

Now let's write an algebraic expression for the total cost:

Total Cost = 3t + 2c + 1.5l

Where t, c, l are the variables

Cost of tomatoes: 3 × t = 3t

$3 times number of tomato plants

Cost of carrots: 2 × c = 2c

$2 times number of carrot packets

Cost of lettuce: 1.5 × l = 1.5l

$1.50 times number of lettuce plants

Evaluating Expressions

Example: Calculate Total Cost

Let's say you want to buy 4 tomato plants, 3 carrot packets, and 6 lettuce plants. What's the total cost?

Given: t = 4, c = 3, l = 6

Substitute the values

Total Cost = 3(4) + 2(3) + 1.5(6)

Replace variables with numbers

= 12 + 6 + 9 = $27

Calculate step by step

Answer: The total cost for your garden plants is $27!

Practice Problems

Problem 1: School Supplies

You're buying school supplies. Pencils cost $0.50 each, notebooks cost $2 each, and erasers cost $0.25 each. Write an expression for the total cost if you buy p pencils, n notebooks, and e erasers.

Total Cost = 0.5p + 2n + 0.25e

Answer

Problem 2: Calculate the Cost

Using the expression from Problem 1, find the total cost if you buy 8 pencils, 3 notebooks, and 4 erasers.

Total Cost = 0.5(8) + 2(3) + 0.25(4)

= 4 + 6 + 1 = $11

Answer: Total cost = $11

Real-World Applications

Where We Use Variables

Shopping & Money

  • • Calculating total costs with different quantities
  • • Finding discounts and sales prices
  • • Budgeting for multiple items
  • • Comparing prices at different stores

Science & Measurement

  • • Calculating areas and perimeters
  • • Converting between units
  • • Finding averages and totals
  • • Tracking changes over time

Key Takeaways

Variables

  • Variables represent unknown quantities
  • Use letters like x, y, z or meaningful letters
  • Think of them as "mystery numbers"
  • Help us write general rules

Expressions

  • Combine variables, numbers, and operations
  • Use real-world scenarios to understand
  • Substitute values to evaluate
  • Practice with different problems