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Lesson 4-5: Surface Area of 3D Shapes

Scenario: Painting & Wrapping - Calculate surface areas for painting walls and wrapping gifts!

Duration: 70-85 minutesScenario: Painting & Wrapping

Learning Objectives

  • Calculate surface area of rectangular prisms using SA = 2(lw + lh + wh)
  • Calculate surface area of cylinders using SA = 2πr² + 2πrh
  • Calculate surface area of triangular prisms by finding all face areas
  • Apply surface area calculations to real-world covering problems

Painting Problem

Room Painting Project

You're painting a rectangular room that is 4 meters long, 3 meters wide, and 2.5 meters tall. You need to calculate the surface area to determine how much paint to buy.

Questions:
1. What is the total surface area to be painted?
2. How much paint do you need if 1 liter covers 8 m²?

4m × 3m × 2.5m
Floor
Ceiling
Walls

Visual representation of the room

Step-by-Step Solution

Step 1: Identify the faces to be painted

• 4 walls (rectangular faces)
• 1 ceiling (top face)
• Floor is not painted (excluded)

Step 2: Calculate area of each face

• 2 walls: 4m × 2.5m = 10 m² each
• 2 walls: 3m × 2.5m = 7.5 m² each
• Ceiling: 4m × 3m = 12 m²

Step 3: Calculate total surface area

Total = (2 × 10) + (2 × 7.5) + 12
Total = 20 + 15 + 12 = 47 m²

Step 4: Calculate paint needed

Paint needed = 47 m² ÷ 8 m²/L = 5.875 L
Round up to 6 liters

Answer: Total surface area = 47 m², Paint needed = 6 liters

Surface Area Formulas

Rectangular Prism

SA = 2(lw + lh + wh)

Surface Area = 2 × (length×width + length×height + width×height)
Units: square units (m², cm², etc.)

Tip: Add all 6 faces

Cylinder

SA = 2πr² + 2πrh

Surface Area = 2 × π × radius² + 2 × π × radius × height
Units: square units (m², cm², etc.)

Tip: 2 circles + 1 rectangle

Triangular Prism

SA = 2 × (½bh) + (a + b + c) × h

Surface Area = 2 triangular faces + 3 rectangular faces
Units: square units (m², cm², etc.)

Tip: Add all 5 faces

Understanding Surface Area

What is Surface Area?

Surface area is the total area of all the faces (surfaces) of a 3D shape. It tells us how much material is needed to cover the outside of an object.

Think of it like this: If you wrap a gift box, the surface area is how much wrapping paper you need!

Common Applications

  • • Painting walls and objects
  • • Wrapping gifts and packages
  • • Covering with fabric or paper
  • • Calculating material costs
  • • Heat transfer calculations
  • • Packaging design

Key Differences

Volume: Space inside (how much fits)
Surface Area: Outside covering (how much to cover)

Practice Problems

Problem 1

A gift box is 10 cm long, 8 cm wide, and 6 cm tall. Calculate the surface area to determine how much wrapping paper is needed.

Your solution:

Problem 2

A cylindrical can has a radius of 4 cm and a height of 12 cm. Find the surface area of the can.

Your solution: