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Lesson 5-2: Measures of Center & Spread

Scenario: Test Score Analysis - Learn to calculate mean, median, mode, and range through academic performance analysis!

Duration: 60-75 minutesScenario: Test Score Analysis

Learning Objectives

  • Calculate mean, median, and mode
  • Find the range of a data set
  • Interpret what these measures tell us about data
  • Apply measures to analyze test performance

Test Score Analysis Scenario

The Problem

A math teacher wants to analyze the performance of her class on a recent test. The scores are: 85, 92, 78, 96, 88, 82, 90, 85, 94, 87, 89, 91, 83, 86, 93. She needs to find the mean, median, mode, and range.

Analysis Challenge:
Calculate all four measures of center and spread to understand class performance.

Test Scores

Raw Scores: 85, 92, 78, 96, 88, 82, 90, 85, 94, 87, 89, 91, 83, 86, 93

First, let's organize the data in order: 78, 82, 83, 85, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96

Mean (Average)

What is the Mean?

Mean: The sum of all values divided by the number of values.

Formula: Mean = Sum of all values ÷ Number of values

Calculating the Mean

Step 1: Add all the scores

85 + 92 + 78 + 96 + 88 + 82 + 90 + 85 + 94 + 87 + 89 + 91 + 83 + 86 + 93 = 1,338

Step 2: Count the number of scores

There are 15 scores

Step 3: Divide sum by count

Mean = 1,338 ÷ 15 = 89.2

Median

What is the Median?

Median: The middle value when data is arranged in order.

For odd number of values: middle value
For even number of values: average of two middle values

Finding the Median

Step 1: Arrange scores in order

78, 82, 83, 85, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96

Step 2: Find the middle position

With 15 scores, the middle is the 8th score (position 8)

Step 3: Identify the median

The 8th score is 88, so Median = 88

Mode and Range

Mode

Mode: The value that appears most frequently in the data set.

A data set can have no mode, one mode, or multiple modes.

Looking at the ordered scores: 78, 82, 83, 85, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96

The score 85 appears twice, all others appear once. Therefore, Mode = 85

Range

Range: The difference between the highest and lowest values.

Formula: Range = Highest value - Lowest value

Highest score: 96
Lowest score: 78
Range = 96 - 78 = 18

Summary of Results

Mean: 89.2 (average score)

Median: 88 (middle score)

Mode: 85 (most frequent)

Range: 18 (spread of scores)

Interpretation: The class performed well with an average of 89.2. The median of 88 shows that half the students scored 88 or higher. The range of 18 indicates moderate variation in performance.

Practice Problems

Problem 1: Calculate All Measures

Find the mean, median, mode, and range for: 12, 15, 18, 12, 20, 16, 14, 12, 19

Your calculations:

Problem 2: Interpretation

A student scored 95 on a test where the class mean was 78 and median was 80. How did this student perform compared to the class?

Your analysis: