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Lesson 2-4: Direct & Inverse Proportions

Scenario: Work Efficiency & Speed - Learn to identify and solve direct and inverse proportion problems!

Duration: 60-75 minutesScenario: Work Efficiency & Speed

Learning Objectives

  • Distinguish between direct and inverse proportions
  • Solve problems involving direct proportional relationships
  • Solve problems involving inverse proportional relationships
  • Analyze graphs to identify proportional relationships

Direct Proportion

Typing Speed Problem

A typist can type 4000 words per hour. How many words can they type in 3.5 hours?

Solution: 4000 words/hour × 3.5 hours = 14,000 words

This is a direct proportion: more time = more words typed.

Direct Proportion Formula

Direct Proportion: y = kx (where k is the constant of proportionality)

As x increases, y increases proportionally. The ratio y/x remains constant.

Inverse Proportion

Speed and Time Problem

A car travels 300 km. If it travels at 60 km/h, it takes 5 hours. How long would it take at 75 km/h?

Solution: Distance = Speed × Time
300 km = 75 km/h × Time
Time = 300 ÷ 75 = 4 hours

This is an inverse proportion: higher speed = less time needed.

Inverse Proportion Formula

Inverse Proportion: y = k/x (where k is the constant)

As x increases, y decreases proportionally. The product x × y remains constant.

Graph Analysis

Identifying Proportions from Graphs

Direct Proportion

• Straight line through origin
• Positive slope
• y increases as x increases

Inverse Proportion

• Hyperbola (curved line)
• Never touches axes
• y decreases as x increases

Practice Problems

Problem 1: Direct Proportion

A machine produces 120 items in 2 hours. How many items can it produce in 7 hours?

Your solution:

Problem 2: Inverse Proportion

6 workers can complete a job in 8 days. How many days would it take 12 workers?

Your solution: