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Volume · Construction · Engineering

Cubic Yard Calculator

Calculate fill volume for landscaping, concrete, and bulk material projects. Enter surface dimensions and depth to get cubic yards, cubic feet, metric volume, and optional material weight estimates.

100% FreeMaterial WeightMulti-UnitStep-by-Step
Input Dimensions
Enter surface measurements and select unit. All three dimensions must use the same unit.

Measure the longest side of the area to fill

Use average width if the space is irregular

Typical: 2–3 in mulch, 4 in gravel, 4 in concrete slabs

All dimensions converted to yards internally

Weight estimates help plan truck loads and delivery fees

3D Volume Visualization
Rectangular prism showing L × W × D
L = 30 feetW = 20 feetD = 0.75 feet

Volume = Length × Width × Depth (all converted to yards). 1 cubic yard = a cube 3 ft × 3 ft × 3 ft.

Quick Examples — Click to Auto-Fill
Driveway Gravel

30 × 20 ft, 4 in deep → 7.41 yd³

Garden Topsoil

15 × 10 ft, 6 in deep → 2.78 yd³

Concrete Slab

20 × 20 ft, 4 in deep → 4.94 yd³

Mulch Bed

12 × 8 ft, 3 in deep → 0.89 yd³

Cubic Yard Conversion & Material Reference
Unit= 1 Cubic YardCommon Use
Cubic Feet27 ft³General building volume
Cubic Inches46,656 in³Small-product estimation
Cubic Meters0.7646 m³Metric project planning
US Gallons201.97 galLiquid volume equivalent
Liters764.55 LInternational liquid equivalent
MaterialDensity (tons/yd³)Weight (lb/yd³)Notes
Crushed Gravel1.53,000Average 3/4 in crushed stone weighs about 1.45–1.55 tons per cubic yard.
Dry Sand1.352,700Dry mason or play sand typically ranges from 1.30–1.40 tons per cubic yard.
Screened Topsoil12,000Moist topsoil averages close to 2,000 lb (1 ton) per cubic yard.
Wood Mulch0.4800Shredded hardwood mulch is light—roughly 800 lb per cubic yard.
Ready-Mix Concrete24,000Hardened concrete weighs about 4,000 lb (2 tons) per cubic yard.
Cubic Yards — The Complete Guide

1What Is a Cubic Yard?

A cubic yard is the volume of a cube measuring exactly 3 feet on each side — 3 ft × 3 ft × 3 ft = 27 cubic feet. It is the standard unit for bulk materials in North American construction, landscaping, and agriculture. When you order mulch, gravel, topsoil, or ready-mix concrete, suppliers quote prices per cubic yard.

Understanding cubic yards lets you compare quotes from different suppliers, avoid under- or over-ordering, and plan truck loads accurately. The formula is simple: Volume (yd³) = Length × Width × Depth, with all dimensions converted to yards first.

2The Formula — Step by Step

V=L×W×D(all dimensions in yards)V = L \times W \times D \quad (\text{all dimensions in yards})To convert feet to yards: divide by 3\text{To convert feet to yards: divide by 3}To convert inches to yards: divide by 36\text{To convert inches to yards: divide by 36}

Example: A driveway 30 ft × 20 ft with 4-inch (0.33 ft) gravel base: Convert to yards: 30/3 = 10 yd, 20/3 = 6.67 yd, 4/36 = 0.111 yd. Volume = 10 × 6.67 × 0.111 ≈ 7.41 yd³. At 1.5 tons/yd³ for gravel: 11.1 tons of material.

3Common Project Applications

Landscaping Beds
Topsoil or mulch at 2–3 in depth for new beds; 3–4 in for weed suppression. Add 10% extra for settling.
Driveway & Patios
Gravel base: 4 in compacted depth. Concrete slab: 4 in standard, 6 in for heavy vehicles. Always add 5–10% waste.
Garden & Lawn
Top-dressing lawns uses 0.5–1 in of compost/topsoil. Calculate area × depth, divide by 36 for yards.
Retaining Walls
Backfill with crushed stone: calculate the void volume behind the wall. Drainage gravel is lighter than concrete gravel.

4Planning Tips & Common Mistakes

  • 1Always add 5–15% to your calculated volume for compaction, spillage, and uneven surfaces.
  • 2Wet materials weigh 10–30% more than dry. If ordering by weight (tons), ask for dry or wet bulk density.
  • 3Check local axle weight laws before self-hauling — most pickups are rated at 1,000–2,000 lb payload.
  • 4Irregular areas: break them into rectangles, calculate each separately, then add volumes.
  • 5Depth conversion tip: divide inches by 12 to get feet, then divide by 3 to get yards (or just divide inches by 36).

Frequently Asked Questions

Multiply length × width × depth when all dimensions are in yards. If your measurements are in feet, use this shortcut: Volume (yd³) = (L ft × W ft × D ft) ÷ 27. For inches: divide by 46,656. Our calculator handles all unit conversions automatically.
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